生物化学
Aminotransferase
Transamination
Transaminase
Pyridoxal phosphate
Oxidative deamination
L-glutamate dehydrogenase
Glutamate synthetase
Glucose-alanine cycle
Ammonotelic
Ureotelic
Uricotelic
Urea cycle
Urea
tetrahydrofolate
6-methyl pterin
P-aminobenzoate
glutamate
valerate
N5 and N10
methenyl 亚甲基
formyl 甲酰基
formimino 亚胺甲基
serine to glysine
SAM ATP and methionine
methionine adenosyl transferase
the neucleophillic
Creatine kinase
Essential amino acids
Ketogenic
Glucogenic
Tetrahydrofolate
S-adenosylmethionine
Phenylketonuria
Mixed-function oxidase
Alkaptonuria
Maple syrup urine disease
Most essential amino acids in biology glutamine glutamate aspartate and alanine
gastrin
pepsinogen
secretin
cholecystokinin
carboxypeptidase
aminopepsidase
PLP
PLP is bond to the Lys residue and forms an internal aldimine
when substrate binds, it becomes external aldimine form
three different fates for oxidation
deamination
racemization
decarboxylation
L-glutarate dehydrogenase serves as the only enzyme to utilize two molecules, both NAD+ or NADP+ as substrate
glutamate dehydrogenase
L-glutamine the carrier of amino group
glutamate dehydrogenase and
glutaminase
glucose alanine transport
carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 mitochondria urea cycle
carbamoyl phsophate synthetase 2 mitochondria, pyrimidine synthesis
carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine citrulline citruyl AMP argininosuccinate fumarate and arginine ornithine
ornithine transcarbamoylase
ornithine from glutamate
five enzyme in urea cycle
Two ATP included in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate
bicarbonate and ATP anhydride replacement
ATP phosphorylation
crbomylphosphate synthetase
ornithine trancarbamoylase
argininosuccinate synthetase
argininosuccinase
arginase
malate aspartate shuttle
aspartate argininosuccinate shunt
malate alpha-ketoglutarate
glutamate aspartate
malate and aspartate 4 carbon
glutamate and alpha-ketoglutarate 5 carbon
aspartate
aminotransferase
aspartate aminotransferase
glutamate oxaloacetate aminotransferase
AAT and GOT
creatine kinase
carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1
arginine surplus and N-acetylglutamate
activate N-acetylglutamate synthase
hyperammonemia
Val Ile Leu Phe Met Trp Thr Lys His
nonessential alanine aspartate asparagine glutamate Serine
N-acetylglutamate synthase
carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1
ketogenic
glucogenic
Glysine
Leucine causes ketosis in starvation
biotin
tetrahydrofolate (H4 folate)
S-adenosylmethionine
biotin carbon dioxide
tetrahydrofolate intermediate oxidation states /methyl group
methionine adenosyl transferase
nuceophilic sulfur attack the 5' carbon and release triphosphate
Pi and PPi, PPi then be degraded into two inorganic phosphate
synthesis of coenzyme B12
Sulfonium ion
tetrahydrofolate
N10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate synthetase
N10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate
cyclohydrolase
N5,N10-Methenyl-tetrahydrofolate
N5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate (minor)
cyclodeaminase
N5-formimino-tetrahydrofolate
methionine adenosyl transferase
Methionine and ATP SAM
S-Adenosyl-homocysteine
hydrolase
homocysteine
N5-methyltetrahydrofolate
methionine synthase
Bacteria
cobalamin
methylcobalamin
B12 dependent reaction only the methylation of cobalamin
N5, N10 tetrahydrofolate pyrimidine synthesis
to N5-tetrahydrofolate is irriversible
Glucogenic amino acids alanine tryptophan cysteine serine glycine threonine
Glycine neurotransmitter
glucogenesis
tryptophan lysine pheneylalanine tyrosine leucine isoleucine threonine
tryptophan
phenylalanine
