《超越学科的认知基础》2015秋张世超学习报告

第一周

preface

key word

content

Before the report ,I'd like to share my own ideas of this curriculum, maybe sounding naïve and not quite mature.Casting a quick look at this course, I think it an amazing adventure in the realm of unknowing. It's the banquette serving the bread and butter of cognition. Furthermore, this course provides multiple ways to analyze a problem and ultimately seeks for the outlet with the help of collaboration between various subjects.Shamefully speaking, in my childhood, I once held a dream to be a scientist. I was quite interested about quantum mechanism,astrophysics and A.I. And like many other children, indulging in the pondering on parallel universe, aliens and other mysterious questions, my curiosity about the world unleashed.Pitifully, I failed to step onto the road of science. But my childhood dream still stirs in my chest, as soon as I saw the word" quantum mechanism" in the syllabus. Maybe the dream will go on and actually the course never disappoints me. It's challenging and strokes at the frontier of modern science.Another hit is the method of doing a project. I do make a plan, but I never tried the logic chain to make the task organized. And that really works and improves the efficiency .Several years ago when I was the last year student in junior school, I read a journal about the dilemma of modern science. The author once put it that as the cognition of human-being had come to the level of quantum, it would become tougher and tougher to demonstrate the theory of ultimatum, such as the string theory.(It was estimated that only when a particle collider as large as the solar system were to be built, would this theory be proved.) The basic subjects ,for instance, physics, would be confronted with bottleneck.However, I am not so pessimistic about the outlook. Chances are that by way of interdicipline, we can find out the outlet and in the end embrace the bright future. That's the reason why I choose this course.

citation Astrophysics[1] Particle collider[2] String theory[3]

第二周

Tittle

Science Based On Structure

Background

Last Wednesday, we've preliminarily learned some basic notion and theory of quantum mechanics from Dr.Han.
Read the documents and references presented.
Improve the usage of some edit tools and teambition.

Ambition

Cast a profound look at quantum mechanics.
Hone the skills of learning a new unfamiliar subject.
Try to find the link between Law and quantum mechanics.

input

Documents given.
group learning.
class learning.
assistance of the studying tools.

output

report

The central characteristic of scientific revolution

The scientific revolution is a leap which shocks the holistic paradigm of science to the core by way of update the language itself indicating the distortion or violation of the intrinsic nature of a notion etc. That is to say, by altering the language describing the nature to get rid of the previous outmoded paradigm, an accurate scientific system as consequence will be establish and will stimulate a new way to think, even invert the view of the world. For instance, Planck switched “element” and“resonator” to “quantum” and “oscillator”. The same is true for the wave-particle duality, as Dr. Han professed last class, “ Photon, technically speaking, is not merely wave ,and it also can’t be arbitrarily defined as particle. Exactly , the accuratest expression should be quantum. In this case, we can perceive the significance of language, behind which is the total difference between Newtonian physics and quantum mechanics. That’s why Kuhn mentioned in his book, that “Violation or distortion of previously unproblematic scientific language is a touchstone for revolutionary change.”

Translation

Translation is a process that the translator substitutes words or sentences to other words or sentences in other linguistic system, both of which parallel system are equivalent to each other. The prerequisite for translator is a good command of at least two different languages.

Radical translator

A terminology invented by Quine .Kuhn thought it is actually a interpretator..

Interpretation

Unlike translation, interpretation hasn’t that demanding language skill as a premise. However, a interpreter has to observe the contextual behavior and the circumstances in the text, and then he has to make assumptions according to the sense of behaviors, ambience and circumstances, so as to create a new language. Because some words in older language are identical to the modern ones but some are newly-born or relearned, that makes interpretation become possible and necessary.

citation

第三周

关键词

词汇对照表

经济学与法学词汇对照表
项目	地理重心	法学	经济学
		研究法、法的现象以及法的专门问题的一门学科。	研究人类行为的学科，这里的人类行为是指目的和稀缺手段之间的关系，两者可以替换使用。（莱昂内尔·罗宾斯）
研究对象		法、法的现象以及法的专门问题	人类行为，即目的和稀缺手段之间的关系
发展脉络
古希腊时代	古希腊	等级观念的法治社会，自上而下分为哲人王（守卫者）、士兵和普通人民。法律是维持不同阶层各司其职的纽带。	关注社会的有效组织，效率和生产中的人的因素有关系。他关注到了贸易，但是市场的范围极为有限，因为柏拉图是小国寡民的拥趸
古希腊时代	古希腊	公正法治观念的滥觞，后世为罗尔斯所继承，逐渐演化出实质正义、程序正义的观念。	公平的交易观念，自愿的交易必须公平，发现三种公平观念与几何平均数、算数平均数和调和平均数的关系，应用于交易中。