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====宏观、介观、微观理解，metaphor====

“又称为领会、了解、懂得、思维作用，是指一种心理过程，与诸如人、情形或讯息之类的某种抽象的或有形的对象相关，籍此一个人能够对其加以思考，并且运用概念对该对象加以适当的处理。 理解乃是概念表达的界线。理解某一事物，也就是已经对该事物实现了一定程度的概念表达或者说概念化。”[1]课上顾老师跟我们解释了什么是理解，理解其实就是我们用以前老的概念去类比新的事物，所以理解是主观的。metaphor：顾老师课上带我们重温了一次metaphor的概念。在书[[《How to read a book》]]253页写到“Every branch of physical science，"worte Lavoisier，“must consist of the things：the series of facts which are the objects of the science，the ideas which represent these facts，and the words by which these facts are expressed...And，as idea are preserved and communicated by means of words，it necessarily follows that we cannot improve the language of any science without at the same time improving the science whitout improved the language or nomenclature which belongs to it。” 早在200年前，拉瓦锡就意识到了语言，词汇对新学科产生的重要性。