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==[[Metaphor]]与[与Epistemology[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemology]]的对比==在上学期的一门课程中，我接触到了在上学期的一门课程中，我接触到了John Hospers[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hospers|John Hospers]的认知论，[的认知论，John Hospers在他著作的《An Introduction to Philosophical Analysis》中对于人们如何认知、理解这个世界以及如何判断真理等方面的问题进行了介绍，他的理论与George Lakoff[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Lakoff]和Mark Johnsen所著作的《Metaphor we live by》中的观点既有一些共通之处，也有一些区别。以下对这两本著作对于truth的观点进行一些简单的比较。 ===John Hospers理论中的Criteria of truth=== 1、Correspondence：a statement is true if it corresponds to reality. 这里提到的correspondence不是简单地一一对应，与reality对应的是meaning of the statement而不是statement本身，statement有各种表达方式。  2、Coherence：a statement is true if it is coherent with other statements. A proposition has to entail with (logically imply) the other proposition or provide evidence for the other proposition.Otherwise they are just two separate facts but don't coherence with each other. 3、The pragmatic theory The truth is what works. ===Metaphor理论中提到的的Truth判定标准=== 1、Understanding a sentence as being true in a given situation requires having an understanding of the sentence and having an understanding of the situation. 2、We understand a sentence as being true when our understanding of the sentence fits our understanding of the situation closely enough. ===二者的联系===1、一方面，前者对truth的判定过程中也能够一定程度上体现对metaphor的运用[[File:Truth1.jpg|400px]]在他著作的