查看“《超越学科的认知基础》2015秋颜峻学习报告”的源代码

=第一周=
==关键词==
[[逻辑模型]]

认知(Cognition)[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognition]

Thomas Kuhn[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Kuhn]

''the Structure of Scientific Revolutions''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Structure_of_Scientific_Revolutions]

Les Valiant[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Valiant]

''Probably Approximately Correct.'' (PAC)[http://www.probablyapproximatelycorrect.com/ ]

Probably Approximately Correct Learning[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probably_approximately_correct_learning]

group learning

Collaboration

Multidimensional study

Comparison

[[File:MEM2015导引课逻辑模型.png|300px]]    [[File:逻辑模型.jpg|300px]]

'''Illustrated by Gu Xueyong'''

==本文==
I had the class on Wednesday, to be honest, it made me confused, for I had no idea what I shall do and how. The name of the course is appealing and the central concept is novel from my perspective, thus I determined to be fully engaged in this course and figure out what I might get from it.

At the very beginning of the class, some terms were intricate, as it puzzled me how these distinct subjects or territories got correlated, some having nothing to do with others intuitively. It is the process of coping with the task that really capacitates me to get gradually understand the essence of the course which is designed to facilitate the formation of learning patterns.

What is the pattern?  Of course, it is the methodology of study and can be roughly attributed to three aspects:

===Multidimensional study===

Multidimensional study means to integrate diverse learning sources. The sources are generalized, which comprises of learning materials, technology applied and platforms etc. Take learning quantum mechanism as an example, learning itself may be dull without interests. However when accompanied by videos and experiments, things starting get quite different. Not only the learning process becoming more absorbing, but the comprehension of the entire territory rises to an unprecedented level which is absolutely beyond my expectation.

===Collaboration===

collaboration plays critic part in learning process because students from different department varies from their knowledge network to their approaches to cognize, thus we can get complemented by working together.

Finally, it is contrast that really contributes to the improvement of your learning skills. Take the homework as an example. It requires us to read two literatures and list names of persons, institutions and key technologies. I read two chapters from two books, one chapter each, the first being Ecorithm (Probably approximately correct) and the second being The Route to Normal Science (the Structure of Scientific Revolution). The two chapters are designated as 1 and 2 respectively and here is the comparison.

====[[Github]]====

#Introduction[https://help.github.com/articles/what-are-github-pages/]
#Mainpage[https://pages.github.com/]
#[[:Help:git.pdf]]

[[File:github.png|200px]]

====[[Teambition]]====
#Introduction[http://toyhouse.ie.tsinghua.edu.cn/wiki/index.php?title=Teambition]
#Mainpage[http://toyhouse.ie.tsinghua.edu.cn/wiki/index.php?title=Teambition]

[[File:teambition.PNG|200px]]

===Comparison=== 

Comparison does not mean comparing two irrelevant issues or references, instead it urges us to visualize things through different perceptions and form an interrelated network to reinforce our interpretation of certain concepts and theories etc.


Both books describe the revolution of science. The 1st book refers to the terms of CS while the 2nd book describes it using variable examples and facts[1]. However, both chapters are telling the same main point. The science evolves from experience and facts accumulated and gradually based on systematical learning. Learning is then divided by two categories; one is explanatory learning[1] in the 1st book (normal science or paradigm in the 2nd book), the other being machine learning (paradigm theory predictions and fact gathering). The most significant difference between these two books is their terminology that is restricted by the writers’ research territory. While Leslie Valiant utilizes words like PAC and ecorithm as evolving algorith[1], Thoma S. Kuhn stress more on the history and the development of electric and optic physics[2].

[[File:书本.png|300px]]

'''Illustrated by Gu Xueyong'''

===Key Persons===

1. John Von Neumann, Einstein, Newton, Alan Turing, Johannes Kepler.
2. Aristotle, Ptolemy, Newton, Franklin, Lavoisier, Lyell, Planck, Einstein, Hauksbee, Gray, Desaguliers, Du Fray, Nollett, Watson, Boyle, Boerhaave, Hutton, Cavendish, Coulombs and Volta.

===Key Technologies===
 
1. Computers, Einstein’s theory of general relativity, Newton’s laws,  Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Obits, Alan Turing’s calculation, Turing test, Ecorithm and PAC.
2. Aristotle’s Physica, Ptolmey’s Almagest, Newton’s Principia and Opticks, Franklin’s Electricity, Lovoisier’s Chemistry, Lyell’s Geology and quantum mechanism.

===Key Organizations and Constitutes===

==参考文献==
[1]Probably Approximately Correct

[2]The Structure of Scientific Revolution



=第二周=
==关键词==

Commensurability[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commensurability]

Comparability[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparability]

Communicability

[[量子]]（quantum）[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum]

[[非定域性]](non-localization)

Uncertainty principle[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principle]

[[波粒二相性]]（wave-particle duality)[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality]

量子隧穿效应（quantum tunneling）[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tunnelling]

Lawrence Lessig[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig]

CodeV2[http://codev2.cc/]

四力学说

Code Is Law

Norms Law Architecture Market

==本文==
Last class, I learned a lot, the most important of which is not about the knowledge itself but the gradual formation of the quantum world view as well as the essence of general education.

The conservation laws are paradigm or normal science which people deem true and consequently quantum has correlation based on non-localized interaction which is beyond my previous perception of the world. I used to believe that interaction between mass is conducted by fields such as electric fields and magnetic fields, however it seems that things in microcosmos behave quite different.

Besides, what impressed me most was Shuai Tianlong's speech delivered in the class. This is a world of pluralism, without knowledge of various fields, we cannot perceive things from multidimensional aspects. What is more, Shuai said that if we wanted to communicate with people from different territories, we need to stand in the same platform with others. It does not mean that we need to reach the same level as those specialists do, we just need to know some basic concepts, history and technologies of the field, which is accord with ''the Road Since Structure'' that I am going to talk about below.

First, I have to say that the task is quite hard for us this week. The two videos uploaded on the Internet contain quantities of terms, which hinder our understanding of the videos, especially the Code Is Law. Honestly speaking, I can get the principle while watching “the structure of revolution” for I had referred to the book before, however, the code is law is completely a new concept for me, from the terms to the structure. Besides, I cannot quite get the point of the image consists of four words, law, norms, market and architecture, thus I need to refer to the book.

This experience concords with the content that presented in Road since structure regarding three aspects stressed by Thomas Kuhn. 


Translation only requires understanding of words and expressions in both languages while interpretation requires understanding of the culture that the language is accommodated, thus two different language system are internally incommensurable and incomparable[1], just like what I felt watching the Video code is law, knowing every sentence the speaker issued without getting the principles of the speech. 

This also reminds me of the reading experience last week. The two books, the Structure of Scientific Revolution[2] and Probably Approximately Correct[3], are actually talking very similar topics but in different lexical systems, or we can say it is the systems that historians and programmers reside that really should account for the variance. To interpret both of them well, we need to translate the words in one system another and this way they are comparable.

The second thing is that while you learn something you need to learn a lot of words within this territory simultaneously instead of learning isolated words. Take code is law as an example, if we take it for granted that law, norms, market and architecture are four different aspects[4], we may not be able to get a holistic view of the system interconnected by them.

The last but not the least, to understand the concepts well, it is required that we have already know some basic things within the territories thus it is possible for us to communicate, which is also in accordance with what teacher Shuai Tianlong told us last class.

Previously, when explaining some metabolic pathways of biochemistry, I always complain that some people just cannot understand so easy ones and now I fully realized my mistake. To make others understood, it is the primary thing to keep them familiar with basic words and expressions. This is by all means the biggest harvest I have ever got in this class.

===Key Characters===
Aristotle[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle]

Newton[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton]

Galileo[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei]

Volta[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Volta]

Joseph Banks[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks]

Ludwig Boltzmann[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Boltzmann]

Planck[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck]

Quine's Word and Ohject

Adam and Eve

Edan

Mary Hesse[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Hesse]

Kitcher[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Kitcher]

=== Key Technology ===
Boyle’s law

Ptolemaic astronomy

Copernican astronomy

Aristotelian physics

Newtonian physics

Aristotelian motion: the change of position or mass.

Newton mechanics: the force equals mass multiplies acceleration.

Volta’s electric battery

Leyden jar

Electrolysis 

Ohm's law

Quantum theory 

Black-body problem

Probability theory

Kinetic energy E

Resonator

Quantum

£ = hv , h is the Planck Constant and the v is the frequency of the resonator

Oscillator

Principle

Element

Compound

Incommensurability

Comparability

Communicability

Reference determination

Translation

Interpretation

Phlogiston 

Dephlogisticated air

Texonomic category

Lexical structure

Procedure of interpretation

Interpretive strategy

Quality-bearing principle

===Key Organizations and Constitutes===

==参考文献==
[1]''A Mathematical Theory of Communication''

[2]''The Structure of Scientific Revolutions''

[3]''Probably Approximately Correct''

[4]''CodeV2''

==Appendix==

====Videos about quantun====

'''From BBC'''

#量子纠缠与玻尔-爱因斯坦之争 [[http://www.acfun.tv/a/ac1947007] 
#生命在此 [http://www.acfun.tv/v/ac1980137]

=第三、四周=
==关键词==
Conceptual system

Metaphorically structure

Metonymy[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metonymy]

Metaphor([[比喻]])

''[[Metaphors We Live by]]''

Spatial experience 

Social experience

Emotional experience

Structural metaphor

RATIONAL ARGUMENT IS WAR

LABOR IS A RESOURCE

TIME IS A RESOURCE

Rational animals

Material resources

==本文==
==参考文献==

=第五周=
==关键词==

==本文==
==参考文献==

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