Metaphor可以被翻译为隐喻，或是譬喻，在英文里跟analogy这个字的关系也很密切。而analogy也被认知科学家，如 George Lakoff, Douglas Hofstadter 等人，对此专题，提出相关的论述: 请见参考文献。
参考文献
- 2003 (1980) with Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press. 2003 edition contains an 'Afterword'. ISBN 978-0-226-46800-6.
- 2001 Edition. Moral Politics: How Liberals and Conservatives Think. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-46771-9.
- 2000 with Rafael Núñez. Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-03771-2.
- 1999 with Mark Johnson). Philosophy In The Flesh: the Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought. Basic Books.
- 1989 with Mark Turner. More Than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-46812-9.
- 1987. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal About the Mind. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-46804-6.
- 1980 with Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-46801-3.
- 1968. Adverbs and the Concept of Deep Structure. Foundations of Language. Vol. 4, No. 1 (Feb., 1968), pp. 4–29.
- Douglas Hofstadter, Emmanuel SanderSurfaces and Essences: Analogy as the Fuel and Fire of Thinking, (ISBN 0465018475) (first published in French as L’Analogie. Cœur de la pensée; published in English in the US in April 2013)